Eastern Montana . The area west of the divide has a modified northern Pacific Coast climate, with milder winters, cooler summers, less wind, and a longer growing season. Most of the eastern part of the state is prairie. Discover miles of inspiration here, and find out for yourself. [11] When Ashley presented a bill to establish a temporary government in 1864 for a new territory to be carved out of Idaho, he again chose Montana Territory. Image: pxfuel 1. [93] It contains the state's highest point, Granite Peak, 12,799 feet (3,901m) high. [202], In the 2015 United States census estimates, Montana had the second-highest percentage of U.S. military veterans living there. This caused great hardship for farmers, ranchers, and miners. [78] Many of these isolated eastern ranges were created about 120 to 66million years ago when magma welling up from the interior cracked and bowed the earth's surface here. According to the 2000 census, 94.8% of the population aged five and older speak English at home. [24] The Salish remained in the Bitterroot Valley until 1891. [160] Montana hosts five federally endangered speciesblack-footed ferret, whooping crane, least tern, pallid sturgeon, and white sturgeon and seven threatened species including the grizzly bear, Canadian lynx, and bull trout. [65], An economic depression began in Montana after World War I and lasted through the Great Depression until the beginning of World War II. WASHINGTON, D.C. November 7, 1889 [162] The Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks manages fishing and hunting seasons for at least 17 species of game fish, including seven species of trout, walleye, and smallmouth bass[163] and at least 29 species of game birds and animals including ring-neck pheasant, grey partridge, elk, pronghorn antelope, mule deer, whitetail deer, gray wolf, and bighorn sheep.[164]. [66] Little's murder and the strikes that followed resulted in the National Guard being sent to Butte to restore order. Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. Joseph K. Toole, Governor of the State of Montana: network. At least 1,500 Montanans died in the war. However, there are also a number of vibrant cities with a flair for cowboy culture. Discover miles of inspiration here, and find out for yourself. GENERAL PROVISIONS Part 5. Contents 1 Indigenous peoples 2 Louisiana Purchase 3 Lewis and Clark Expedition 4 First settlements 5 Military history 5.1 Fort Benton 5.2 Fort Ellis 5.3 Fort Shaw 6 Montana Territory 7 Indian Wars 7.1 Battle of the Little Big Horn 7.2 Northern Cheyenne exodus Many people left, and half the banks in the state went bankrupt as a result of providing mortgages that could not be repaid. [233], Montana's personal income tax contains seven brackets, with rates ranging from 1.0 to 6.9 percent. Tracks of the Northern Pacific Railroad (NPR) reached Montana from the west in 1881 and from the east in 1882. [142] It then flows northeasterly[142] across the state through Billings, Miles City, Glendive, and Sidney. The smaller Pend d'Oreille and Kalispel tribes lived near Flathead Lake and the western mountains, respectively. The Montana Senate is, as of 2021, controlled by Republicans 31 to 19, and the House of Representatives is currently 67 to 33. All of Montana's four-year colleges and universities field intercollegiate sports teams. We love all of Montana! When so authorized by the legislature, actions of executive branch agencies may be appealed directly to a District Court. Vulnerable Montana senator won't commit to re-election bid: 'Retire or lose' says state GOP. There are junior ice hockey teams in Montana, three of which are affiliated with the North American 3 Hockey League: the Bozeman Icedogs, Great Falls Americans, and Helena Bighorns. For other uses, see, "Montanan" redirects here. The resort tax is a sales tax that applies to hotels, motels and other lodging and camping facilities; restaurants, fast-food stores, and other food service establishments; taverns, bars, night clubs, lounges, or other public establishments that serve alcohol; as well as destination ski resorts or other destination recreational facilities.[235]. A 1974 state severance tax on coal (which varied from 20 to 30%) was upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States in Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana, 453 U.S. 609 (1981). In 1985, the Montana Legislature passed a law allowing towns with fewer than 5,500 residents and unincorporated communities with fewer than 2,500 to levy a resort tax if more than half the community's income came from tourism. Experts estimate that around 13million bison roamed Montana in 1870. Montana: Directed by Jennifer Leitzes. [57] In 1910, the Great Falls land office alone had more than a thousand homestead filings per month,[58] and at the peak of 19171918 it had 14,000 new homesteads each year. Most of the eastern part of the state is prairie. The 1889 constitution mimicked the structure of the United States Constitution, as well as outlining almost the same civil and political rights for citizens. Vulnerable Montana senator won't commit to re-election bid: 'Retire or lose' says state GOP. Its size is comparable to countries such as Norway, Zimbabwe, and Japan. There are fall bow and general hunting seasons for elk, pronghorn antelope, whitetail deer and mule deer. Montana's Senate district is the fourth largest by area, behind Alaska, Texas, and California. Is Montana a good place to live? [274] Fishing makes up a sizeable component of Montana's total tourism economic output: in 2017, nonresidents generated $4.7 billion in economic output, of which, $1.3 billion was generated by visitor groups participating in guided fishing experiences.[275]. Historically, Republicans are strongest in the east, while Democrats are strongest in the west. [55], By 1910, homesteaders filed claims on over five million acres, and by 1923, over 93million acres were farmed. [254] One is a member of the Great Northwest Athletic Conference. Pulitzer Prize winner Wallace Earle Stegner from Great Falls was often called "The Dean of Western Writers". [120][121] Montana's water resources provide for recreation, hydropower, crop and forage irrigation, mining, and water for human consumption. [153] Other major reservoirs include Hungry Horse on the Flathead River; Lake Koocanusa on the Kootenai River; Lake Elwell on the Marias River; Clark Canyon on the Beaverhead River; Yellowtail on the Bighorn River, Canyon Ferry, Hauser, Holter, Rainbow; and Black Eagle on the Missouri River. On August 1, 1917, he was dragged from his boarding house by masked vigilantes, and hanged from a railroad trestle, considered a lynching. [222] Also, 15,438 (1.7% of the state population) were speakers of Indo-European languages other than English or Spanish, 10,154 (1.1%) were speakers of a Native American language, and 4,052 (0.4%) were speakers of an Asian or Pacific Islander language. These included a Native American language (64%), German (4%), Spanish (3%), Russian (1%), and Chinese (less than 0.5%).[224]. U.S. Attorney Burton K. Wheeler and several district court judges who hesitated to prosecute or convict people brought up on charges were strongly criticized. The Democratic Party's strength in the state is gained from support among unionized miners and railroad workers, while farmers generally vote Republican. Glendive, Great Falls, Havre City, Lewis Town, and Miles City are located east of the Continental Divide and experience a semi-arid steppe climate. The highest observed summer temperature was 117F or 47.2C at Glendive on July 20, 1893, and Medicine Lake on July 5, 1937. Montana is a state in the United States. [202] Many of Montana's historic logging communities originally attracted people of Scottish, Scandinavian, Slavic, English, and Scots-Irish descent. [141] It flows north through Yellowstone National Park, enters Montana near Gardiner, and passes through the Paradise Valley to Livingston. For Sale. This shift continued with the reapportionment of the state's legislative districts that took effect in 1994, when the Republican Party took control of both chambers of the state legislature, consolidating a Republican party dominance that lasted until the 2004 reapportionment produced more swing districts and a brief period of Democratic legislative majorities in the mid-2000s. The first territorial capital was located at Bannack. However, farmers faced a number of problems. This is a broad outline history of the state of Montana in the United States . Montana has some 3,000 named lakes and reservoirs, including Flathead Lake, the largest natural freshwater lake in the western United States. [325] Montana's population grew at about the national average during the 2000s, but it failed to regain its second seat in 2010. The University of Montana "was the first to establish dual admission agreements with all of the tribal colleges and as such it was the first institution in the nation to actively facilitate student transfer from the tribal colleges."[211]. [53] Significant drops occurred following the drought in 1919. Area 147,040 square miles (380,832 square km). When a suitcase full of money disappears, the members of the gang quickly turn on each other. A part of southeastern Montana was used as a corridor between the Crows and the related Hidatsas in North Dakota. [246], Many notable Montana authors have documented or been inspired by life in Montana in both fiction and non-fiction works. The closest commercial service airport is the Billings-Logan International Airport located at 1901 Terminal Cir, Billings, Montana 59105. Several species of sagebrush and cactus and many species of grasses are common. [279] Yellowstone National Park also allows cross-country skiing. Montana", "Montana | Capital, Population, Climate, Map, & Facts", Canadian Council for Geographic Education 2013, Geographical Dictionary Of The World 1900, Waterbody Report-Clarks Fork Yellowstone River 2013, "Montana's wolf population remains strong", "Historical Population Change Data (19102020)", University of Montana, Bureau of Business and Economic Research 2011, "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Montana; United States", "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States", "Population of Montana - Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts", Census Bureau-Annual Estimates of Race 2012, Montana Office of Public Instruction 2009, "Montana Constitution, Article X, section 1", "Montana Schools Try to Keep Indian Students Engaged by Teaching Indian Culture to All", "National Vital Statistics Reports Volume 64, Number 1, January 15, 2015", "National Vital Statistics Reports, Volume 64, Number 12, December 23, 2015 (The general fertility rate for 2014 on page 4 was corrected to read 62.9 on December 23, 2015. [206], About 66,000 people of Native American heritage live in Montana. Montana has only one representative in the U.S. House, having lost its second district in the 1990 census reapportionment. The state provides epic scenery, crowd-free terrain, a burgeoning food and drink scene, and some of Americas most breathtakingly stunning national parks. "[209] It is the only state in the U.S. with such a constitutional mandate. Burnings of German-language books and several near-hangings occurred. [59] In the wake of ramped-up mine production and the Speculator Mine disaster in June 1917,[59] Industrial Workers of the World organizer Frank Little arrived in Butte to organize miners. [128], East of the divide the Missouri River, which is formed by the confluence of the Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin Rivers near Three Forks,[129] flows due north through the west-central part of the state to Great Falls. [12] Cox complained that the name was a misnomer given that most of the territory was not mountainous and thought a Native American name would be more appropriate than a Spanish one. Montana is one of few geographic areas in the world whose rivers form parts of three major watersheds (i.e. [111] Foothill regions are often covered in weathered stone or broken slate, or consist of uncovered bare rock (usually igneous, quartzite, sandstone, or shale). There are five public service commissioners, who are elected on a regional basis. Montana: Directed by Jennifer Leitzes. Flowers native to Montana include asters, bitterroots, daisies, lupins, poppies, primroses, columbine, lilies, orchids, and dryads. Montana is the only state in the union without a modern naval ship named in its honor. [294] As of August 2013, there are 527 FCC-licensed FM radio stations broadcast in Montana, with 114 such AM stations. The Montana Supreme Court is the court of last resort in the Montana court system. Alaska and Hawaii have both had nuclear submarines named after them. The Montana University System consists of: The Montana Territory was formed on April 26, 1864, when the U.S. passed the Organic Act. The war created a boom for Montana mining, lumber, and farming interests, as demand for war materials and food increased. [90] There they join the Saskatchewan River, which ultimately empties into Hudson Bay. New - 6 hours ago. It allowed the legislature to increase the number of justices by two, which the legislature did in 1979. [needs update], Montana is a relative hub of beer microbrewing, ranking third in the nation in number of craft breweries per capita in 2011. [167] Snowfall has been recorded in all months of the year in the more mountainous areas of central and western Montana, though it is rare in July and August. [82], The Bitterroot Mountainsone of the longest continuous ranges in the Rocky Mountain chain from Alaska to Mexico[83]along with smaller ranges, including the Coeur d'Alene Mountains and the Cabinet Mountains, divide the state from Idaho. [7] The economy is primarily based on agriculture, including ranching and cereal grain farming. The most notable were the Marias Massacre (1870), Battle of the Little Bighorn (1876), Battle of the Big Hole (1877), and Battle of Bear Paw (1877). Hers was the only vote against the war, and in the wake of public outcry over her vote, Rankin required police protection for a time. 624 sqft. [70], In 1940, Jeannette Rankin was again elected to Congress. Essential Montana Stay A mix of the charming, modern, and tried and true. [44] By 1880, farms were in the more verdant valleys of central and western Montana, but few were on the eastern plains. Montana is one of the largest states in the United States of America. This article in a Butte newspaper celebrates "the blessings of true citizenship". Other railroads followed suit. [28] By 1884, commercial hunting had brought bison to the verge of extinction; only about 325 bison remained in the entire United States. The students were Indian children and the children of Fort Owen employees. [240] The first school year was scheduled to begin in January 1866, but severe weather postponed its opening until March. Brokered by 4 Seasons Real Estate. [59], War sentiment was complicated by labor issues. [63], The Montanans who opposed U.S. entry into the war included immigrant groups of German and Irish heritage, as well as pacifist Anabaptist people such as the Hutterites and Mennonites, many of whom were also of Germanic heritage. Our state profiles bring you all key population characteristics of your state and your county on one page. Note: Births in table do not add up, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number. [70][71] Air bases were built in Great Falls, Lewistown, Cut Bank, and Glasgow, some of which were used as staging areas to prepare planes to be sent to allied forces in the Soviet Union. This act brought mostly cattle and sheep ranchers into Montana, many of whom grazed their herds on the Montana prairie for three years, did little to irrigate the land and then abandoned it without paying the final fees. The first school year ran through the summer and did not end until August 17. [326], In a 2020 study, Montana was ranked as the 21st easiest state for citizens to vote in. [172][176] According to a study done for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Science, parts of Montana will experience a 200% increase in area burned by wildfires and an 80% increase in related air pollution.[178][179]. With the help of an assistant teacher, Mrs. Farley,[243] Raymond was responsible for teaching 50 to 60 students each day out of the 81 students enrolled at the school. Every gift, no matter the size, helps Montana State fulfill its land grant mission and provides unparalleled educational opportunities for future generations. Browse by Montana counties. There have also been long-term shifts in party control. Three issues that the constitutional convention was unable to resolve were submitted to voters simultaneously with the proposed constitution. [107], The area east of the divide in the state's north-central portion is known for the Missouri Breaks and other significant rock formations. Eastern Montana . They say it will stay with you forever. Montana's Official State Website - VISITOR INFORMATION EMPLOYMENT RESIDENTS BUSINESS ONLINE SERVICES GOVERNMENT VISITING ABOUT MONTANA EDUCATION STATE CAREERS JOB SEEKER RESOURCES INFORMATION AND RESOURCES MONTANA JOB SERVICE RESOURCES INTERACT WITH YOUR STATE GOVERNMENT [17] In 1847, Fort Benton was built as the uppermost fur-trading post on the Missouri River. The aptly-named Heart of Montana is an outdoor recreation paradise: hunting, fishing, skiing, hiking and biking are just a few of the possibilities for those of you who enjoy the great outdoors. Area 147,040 square miles (380,832 square km). With all water features included, Montanas total area is 147,040 square miles. [202], While the largest European-American population in Montana is German (which may also include Austrian and Swiss, among other groups), pockets of significant Scandinavian ancestry are prevalent in some of the farming-dominated northern and eastern prairie regions, parallel to nearby regions of North Dakota and Minnesota. Other significant economic resources include oil, gas, coal, mining, and lumber. [295][296], During the age of the Copper Kings, each Montana copper company had its own newspaper. Montana is one of the largest states in the United States of America. Montana public health agencies continue to assist communities in responding to COVID-19. [323] The state last supported a Democrat for president in 1992, when Bill Clinton won a plurality victory. The Bison Range is managed by the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes and the American Prairie is owned and operated by a nonprofit organization. Montana's Official State Website - Home Featured Resources Election Results File Your Tax Return or Where's my Refund File Upload for W-2s, 1099s & MW-3s Montana REAL ID File an Unemployment Claim Online Driver License Renewal Education Donation Portal Search for a Job Renew your Professional License Hunting Information Register A Business Brian Morris, who served as an associate justice of the Montana Supreme Court from 2005 to 2013, currently serves as a judge on the court. English is the official language in the state of Montana. [127] The Kootenai River in northwest Montana is another major tributary of the Columbia. Many species of mushrooms and lichens[154] are also found in the state. Montana is the home of the Federation of Fly Fishers and hosts many of the organization's annual conclaves. [47] In 1916, the Stock-Raising Homestead Act allowed homesteads of 640 acres in areas unsuitable for irrigation. The first permanent settlement by Euro-Americans in what today is Montana was St. Mary's, established in 1841 near present-day Stevensville. It borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east. and continues to do so. Montana hosts numerous arts and cultural festivals and events every year. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Montana's only northsouth Interstate Highway is Interstate 15. [22] In 1869 and 1870 respectively, the CookFolsomPeterson and the WashburnLangfordDoane Expeditions were launched from Helena into the Upper Yellowstone region. [101] The isolated island ranges east of the Divide include the Bear Paw Mountains,[102] Bull Mountains,[103] Castle Mountains,[104] Crazy Mountains,[105] Highwood Mountains,[106] Judith Mountains,[106] Little Belt Mountains,[104] Little Rocky Mountains,[106] the Pryor Mountains,[105] Little Snowy Mountains, Big Snowy Mountains,[103] Sweet Grass Hills,[103] andin the state's southeastern corner near Ekalakathe Long Pines. The honyocker was farmer, spinster, deep-sea diver; fiddler, physician, bartender, cook. Montana has the largest grizzly bear population in the lower 48 states. [48] This combination of advertising and changes in the Homestead Act drew tens of thousands of homesteaders, lured by free land, with World War I bringing particularly high wheat prices. In their place was an assortment of books brought by various emigrants. Other major northsouth highways include U.S. There is a single Workers' Compensation Court. Read on for our top 15 places to visit in Montana in 2022. [307][308], In 1971, Montana voters approved the call for a state constitutional convention. KALISPELL - A total of 15 murals depicting Glacier National Park were donated to the Hockaday Museum of Art in Kalispell in 2012. Wheeler was brought before the Council of Defense, though he avoided formal proceedings, and a district court judge from Forsyth was impeached. [130] Major tributaries of the Yellowstone include the Boulder,[147] Stillwater,[148] Clarks Fork,[149] Bighorn,[150] Tongue,[151] and Powder Rivers. The prohibition on speaking German remained in effect into the early 1920s. [45], In the early 1900s, James J. Hill of the Great Northern began to promote settlement in the Montana prairie to fill his trains with settlers and goods. The Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation manages 5,200,000 acres (21,000km2) of School Trust Land ceded by the federal government under the Land Ordinance of 1785 to the state in 1889 when Montana was granted statehood. [223] The United States Department of Education estimated in 2009 that 5,274 students in Montana spoke a language at home other than English. Historic tribes encountered by Europeans and settlers from the United States included the Crow in the south-central area, the Cheyenne in the southeast, the Blackfeet, Assiniboine, and Gros Ventres in the central and north-central area, and the Kootenai and Salish in the west. The Montana Judicial Nomination Commission develops short lists of nominees for all five Water Judges, who are then appointed by the Chief justice of the Montana Supreme Court (subject to confirmation by the Montana Senate). However, there are also a number of vibrant cities with a flair for cowboy culture. United States House Committee on Territories, Early Indian treaty territories in Montana, List of military installations in Montana, List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union, List of amphibians and reptiles of Montana, Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Treasure State Academic Information & Library Services, Gallatin College Montana State University, City College at Montana State University Billings, Great Falls College Montana State University, Montana Tech of the University of Montana, Bobcat Stadium (Montana State University), bison that leave Yellowstone National Park, Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport, Learn how and when to remove this template message, United States congressional delegations from Montana, city courts, justice courts, and municipal courts, American Tradition Partnership, Inc. v. Bullock, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, United States District Court for the District of Montana, United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Montana, "United States Summary: 2010, Population and Housing Unit Counts, 2010 Census of Population and Housing", "UM Travel Institute: 2020 Tests Montana Tourism", Montana Office of Public Instruction 2010, "U.S. Navy submarine will be named U.S.S. We love all of Montana! [293] There are 25 television stations in Montana, representing each major U.S. [81] About 60 percent of the state is prairie, part of the northern Great Plains. The U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management controls 8,100,000 acres (33,000km2) of federal land. Zimbabwe, and miners as Norway, Zimbabwe, and find out for.... Ranching and cereal grain farming the western United States part of southeastern Montana was as. And California responding to COVID-19 simultaneously with the proposed constitution which ultimately empties into Bay. 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